Sallust and the Fall of Rome free essay sample

Sallust and the fall of Rome At the pinnacle of Roman culture Rome was viewed as the best realm on the planet; the powerhouse for exchange and government. They were rarely narrow minded or covetous. The Roman student of history Sallust said â€Å"in harmony and war excellence was held in high esteem†¦and eagerness was a thing practically obscure. Equity and noble were maintained less by law but rather more common instinct†. This implies they were rarely eager and consistently had pride. Sallust likewise said â€Å"at home they lived economically and never sold out a friend†. This implies they were consistently kind and never sold out anybody. This was all before cash turned into a factor. Sallust could see that Rome was getting avaricious and begun to think just about cash and realized Rome was going to fall. He said â€Å"as soon as riches came to be a sign of qualification and a simple method to prestige, military orders and political influence, goodness started to decline†. We will compose a custom paper test on Sallust and the Fall of Rome or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This was before the real fall of Rome however it was completely right. Rome started to self-destruct over cash and never returned. They wound up battling themselves over cash and that permitted others to dominate. Sallust likewise said â€Å"such men, it appears to me, have regarded their riches as a negligible toy: rather than utilizing it, they have dishonorably abused it on the principal inefficient task that happened to them†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This summarizes how the idea of cash as a toy and utilized it on the main thing they saw. This covetousness made Rome fall. Rome was the best realm of its time yet everything reach a conclusion. A few things finished with war or illness yet Rome fell on account of the covetousness of the individuals there. Avarice never prompts anything great and this is most likely the best case of that ever. Sallust was totally right when he anticipated the fall of Rome over cash yet nobody tuned in and that was the finish of Rome.

Business Model Re-Engineering Myspace Free Essays

string(117) incomes and nothing else which is an incredible defect for a person to person communication site, as it needs to concentrate on the onsumers. â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Business Model Re-designing MySpace Date: November 4, 2011 â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- Word Count: 3742 Introduction Nowadays, progressively more enterprises, particularly the media division, are confronting a ceaseless change. On account of media, this is basically an aftereffect of consistently creating advanced innovation. Despite the fact that a company’s plan of action may have been fruitful for a long time, it out of nowhere can begin to get more vulnerable. We will compose a custom paper test on Plan of action Re-Engineering: Myspace or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The media showcase is very rivalry driven and consequently a contender with another plan of action may change the business in a flash (Business model re-designing, n. d. ). In such a serious market, the â€Å"strategy [†¦] is tied in with being extraordinary. † (Eisenhardt Sull, 2001, p. 116). This announcement superbly suggests that organizations and their items should be so interesting with such an all around considered and enhance plan of action that they can make an upper hand. In any case, this adaption of the plan of action in an ever-changing media condition ends up being a serious complex test, since now numerous organizations face a decrease of clients and income. A genuine model for a plan of action that couldn't endure the changing media condition as far as online long range informal communication is the one of Myspace. Thusly, I will propose a re-designing of its plan of action. In this paper, I will concentrate on the issues of the present plan of action and cautiously examine the setting of the market so as to propose an invigorated model that will help Myspace to endure and to contend all the more effectively in nowadays’ long range interpersonal communication advertise. Myspace needs a plan of action that offers some incentive to its clients, ensures an upper hand, just as gathers income (Teece, 2010). Myspace. com, which was established in 2003 by Chris DeWolfe and Tom Anderson (Piskorski, Chen, Knoop, 2008), is an online long range informal communication ervice that is presently claimed by Specific Media LLC and artist Justin Timberlake (Specific Media Acquires Myspace, 2011). Explicit Media LLC is a media organization which sells promoting on the web with an innovation that targets focusing on explicit client sections (Specific Media LLC, 2011). Explicit Media LLC, be that as it may, has not been the proprietor of Myspace for long. In June 2011 , the organization purchased Myspace for about $35 million and as a component of the arrangement pop star Justin Timberlake took a possession stake (Specific Media Acquires Myspace, 2011). Previously, from 2005 until 2011, it was possessed by Rupert Murdoch’s News Corporation (News Corporation to Acquire Intermix Media, Inc, 2005). From 2005 until 2008, Myspace was the most well known person to person communication site on the planet, as estimated by the guests. Be that as it may, the quantity of 75. 9 million guests for every month in 2008 dropped to 34. 8 million in May 2011 (Gillette, 2011). Issues Is Facebook Myspace’s most concerning issue? Since 2008, Myspace has been persistently losing individuals which was when it was overwhelmed by Facebook (Mack, 2008). Myspace has been progressively losing its clients which can be communicated by the declining individuals and guests of the site. As from February 2010, the guests diminished by 43. 3 percent (Arrington, 2011) and the individuals contracted by ten million inside one month toward the start of 2011 (Stafford, 2011). This decrease brings along an emotional misfortune in incomes which are exclusively produced by publicizing (Enders, Hungenberg, Denker, Mauch, 2008). Facebook has now around multiple times a larger number of clients than Myspace (Stafford, 2011) and it appears that individuals relocated from Myspace to Facebook, yet there is different purposes behind the disappointment of Myspace, basically as far as advancement. Myspace was performing truly well at the hour of News Corp’s securing and it scarcely had any contenders. In any case, with the ascent of its first extraordinary rival Facebook, the previous driving long range informal communication site needed to go up against perhaps the severest need: advancement! At the earliest reference point, Facebook entered a specialty showcase, to be specific the one of undergrads. Right off the bat, it was accessible to Haravard understudies, at that point an ever increasing number of colleges needed to join Facebook and today, nearly everyone is utilizing this informal community, regardless of if undergrad or not (Piskorski et al. , 2008). Today, around 600 million clients appreciate staying in contact with individuals everywhere throughout the world by means of Facebook (Cauwels Sornette, 2011). Facebook dealt with this incredible achievement since it was creative. New highlights have been included constantly since it has been propelled, subsequently individuals were included and continued returning because of new developments, for example, the ‘news feed’ around then (Stafford, 2011). While Facebook figured out how to be inventive constantly, Myspace neglected to adjust to the market and didn't include new highlights as Facebook did. Moreover, Myspace didn't permit outsider engineers to make new highlights, for example, applications (e. g. Facebook †FarmVille and so forth ), they rather continued everything away from plain view. Hence, Myspace lost the opposition of controlling the market at the time somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2008 and thus it got exhausting (Stafford, 2011). Despite the fact that Myspace had certain highlights, they didn't all work well overall. For instance, individuals had the option to make their own experiences either themselves or they could download a current structure from numerous suppliers who spent significant time in making Myspace profile plans. This component transformed into a serious chaos, issues, and disarray with respect to specific profiles. The entire rivalry brought about a befuddling wreckage and one couldn't make certain on what Myspace was centering. Because of the altered client profiles as well as due to some different blemishes in the site’s plan, Myspace was faced with security issues. Results were spyware (Hesseldahl, 2006), phishing, and spam (Webb, Caverlee, Pu, 2010). Another security dread was with respect to the profile content. Clients were worried about trust and security and even law requirement authorities asserted, â€Å"MySpace is utilized by sexual stalkers to draw teenagers† (Dwyer, Hiltz, Passerini as refered to by Schrobsdorff, 2006, p. 5). The last issue I need to concentrate on is the income model. As recently referenced, Myspace works on incomes from promoting. Particularly under the responsibility for Corp, the principle center was around creating income. It appeared that Rupert Murdoch exclusively centered around incomes and nothing else which is an extraordinary imperfection for a long range informal communication site, as it needs to concentrate on the onsumers. You read Plan of action Re-Engineering: Myspace in class Papers In 2006, Google swore to pay News Corp the same number of as $900 million more than three and a half years and consequently Google was permitted to give search administrations and publicizing on Myspa ce (Piskorski et al. , 2008). For Myspace’s client it appeared that the webpage was loaded with a lot of chaotic promoting, subsequently the site showed up amateurishly (James, 2009). The recently recorded issues of Myspace are chiefly issues of when Myspace lost the opposition against Facebook, and reasons why Myspace isn't fruitful any longer. With respect to the Business Model Canvas by Alexander Osterwalder (2009), I will concentrate on the issues dependent on the accompanying components: Value Propositions, Key Partners, Revenue Streams, and Media Channels. The component of offers â€Å"seeks to take care of client issues and fulfill client needs with esteem propositions† (Osterwalder Pigneur, 2009, p. 16). I believe this part to be Myspace’s most noteworthy issue with respect to the issues of trust, security, spam, spyware, and phishing. Moreover, the absence of development was one of the serious issues why Myspace lost that numerous clients who continually need to encounter something new. With its absence of good and new highlights just as its indistinct purpose of center, Myspace couldn't convey esteem which would bring about clients keep on utilizing the informal organization. From my own understanding, I can say that Myspace blurred into lack of clarity which can be supported up by the low number of clients presently, contrasted with the hour of 2006 when Myspace was at its pinnacle (Snyder, Carpenter, Slauson, 2006). I was a Myspace client around 2006 also, when I was 15 years of age. It was by all accounts a gathering point for young people and for me it was the same from the German long range interpersonal communication site ‘Schuler VZ’ with the exception of that it is worldwide. Be that as it may, as time passed by, I decreasingly utilized Myspace concerning me it generally was excessively befuddling and it couldn't contend with the German interpersonal organization. In addition, I got spammed with publicizing, arbitrary men (who were not at my age) thought it was a dating administration, and it just got exhausting. Hence, I can express that Myspace’s most serious issue is that it isn't significant enough for the clients. Hypothesis Right off the bat, I will concentrate on the incentives as the various components, I decided to concentrate on, follow up on the offers. When seeing incentives, I might want to consider the three kinds of offers as indicated by Anderson, Narus, and van Rossum (2006), specifically ‘all benefits’, ‘favorable purposes of difference’, and ‘resonating focus’. On account of Myspace, it unquestionably would not be sufficient to â€Å"simply list all the benefits† (Anderson et al. , 2006, p. 2) since there are such a large number of rivals in the Internet condition that share most o

Ego as the Rational Part of Personality

Ego as the Rational Part of Personality Theories Personality Psychology Print Ego as the Rational Part of Personality By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 01, 2020 David Ryle / Stone / Getty Images More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology According to Sigmund Freud, the ego is part of personality that mediates the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. Freud described the id as the most basic part of personality that urges people to fulfill their most primal needs. The superego, on the other hand, is the moralistic part of personality that forms later in childhood as a result of upbringing and social influences. It is the egos job to strike a balance between these two often competing for forces and to make sure that fulfilling the needs of the id and superego conforms to the demands of reality.?? A Closer Look at the Ego The ego prevents us from acting on our basic urges (created by the id) but also works to achieve a balance with our moral and idealistic standards (created by the superego).?? While the ego operates in both the preconscious and conscious, its strong ties to the id means that it also operates in the unconscious. What Is the Unconscious? The ego operates based on the reality principle, which works to satisfy the ids desires in a manner that is realistic and socially appropriate.?? For example, if a person cuts you off in traffic, the ego prevents you from chasing down the car and physically attacking the offending driver. The ego allows us to see that this response would be socially unacceptable, but it also allows us to know that there are other more appropriate means of venting our frustration. Freuds Observations on the Ego In his 1933 book New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis, Freud compared the relationship between the id and the ego to that of a horse and rider.?? The horse represents the id, a powerful force that offers the energy to propel forward motion. The rider represents the ego, the guiding force that directs the power of the id toward a goal. Freud noted, however, that this relationship did not always go as planned. In less ideal situations, a rider may find himself simply along for the ride as he allows his horse to go in the direction the animal wants to go. Just as a rider may not always be able to control a horse, the ids primal urges may sometimes be too powerful for the ego to keep in check. In her own 1936 book The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, Anna Freud that all of the egos defenses against the id were carried out behind the scenes.?? These measures against the id are known as the defense mechanisms, which are carried out silently and invisibly by the ego. While we cannot observe the defenses in action, Anna Freud suggested that they could be observed in retrospect. Repression is one example.?? When something is repressed from awareness, the ego is not aware that the information is missing. It is only later when it becomes obvious that some piece of information or memory is gone, that the actions of the ego become apparent. Quotations About the Ego Sometimes it helps to look at the original source of these ideas to get a better perspective on the topic. So what did Freud have to say about his concept of the ego? He wrote extensively about the ego as well as its relationship to other aspects of personality. Here are just a few of his more famous quotes about the ego: On the Egos Origins It is easy to see that the ego is that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world. (Sigmund Freud, 1923, From  The Ego and the Id)?? On the Egos Influence The ego is not master in its own house. (Sigmund Freud, 1917, From  A Difficulty in the Path of Psycho-Analysis)?? The ego represents what we call reason and sanity, in contrast to the id which contains the passions. (Sigmund Freud, 1923, From  The Ego and the Id) The poor ego has a still harder time of it; it has to serve three harsh masters, and it has to do its best to reconcile the claims and demands of all three... The three tyrants are the external world, the superego, and the id. (Sigmund Freud, 1932, From  New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis)?? Towards the outside, at any rate, the ego seems to maintain clear and sharp lines of demarcation. There is only one stateâ€"admittedly an unusual state, but not one that can be stigmatized as pathologicalâ€"in which it does not do this. At the height of being in love the boundary between ego and object threatens to melt away. Against all the evidence of his senses, a man who is in love declares that I and you are one, and is prepared to behave as if it were a fact. (Sigmund Freud, 1929, From  Civilization and Its Discontents) Understanding Personality and Why It Matters

The Between God And The People Of Israel - 1661 Words

The covenant is one of the most significant elements of Judaism for contemporary Jewish adherents, as it expresses the ongoing reciprocal relationship between God and the people of Israel. The covenant governs and regulates all aspects of Jewish life, and is recorded as a series of arguments between God and Jewish adherents. Promised the land of Canna, blamelessness and many descendants if he lived in the presence of God, Abraham, the ‘father of the Jewish people’ and first patriarch to enter a covenant with God, is a significant figure in Jewish History. The Abrahamic covenant was further fulfilled and renewed with Moses and the Sinai covenant, another covenant which is â€Å"central to the expression of Judaism and the identity of the Jewish people† (Hartney 2011 p.350). The intimate reciprocal relationship between God and Jewish adherents is further enhanced through the characteristics of the Jewish religion; beliefs and adherents, sacred texts, ethics and ritu als. These characteristics serve to articulate how the covenant is a significant aspect of the Jewish faith that enhances the notion in Leviticus 26:12 that ‘I will be your God, and you will be my people’ Of the 3 basic beliefs of the monotheistic religion of Judaism, where God is the transcendent immanent creator, the Divinely Inspired, and the Covenant; the Covenant is the most influential as it impacts all other aspects of the Jewish belief system. While these three beliefs are â€Å"central to the expression of JudaismShow MoreRelatedIsrael s Relationship Between God And Israel1409 Words   |  6 PagesThe people of Israel, the chosen people, had a complex relationship with their God. Throughout the First Testament, Israel’s relationship with God seems to take several forms. Their relationship becomes more complex as the Israelites grow as the people of Yahweh. I will explore Israel’s relationship beginning with Abraham, continuing onto Israel’s story following Egypt and onto the interpretation of prophets Ezekiel and Hosea. Overall, the relationship between God and Israel seems to be a disproportionalRead MoreThe Minor Prophet Hosea As A Young Man Lived Nea r Soil970 Words   |  4 PagesIsidore E. Sharpe Professor Kenneth Yelverton OTS – 102 18 September 2015 The Minor Prophet Hosea The Prophet Hosea is believed to the successor of the Prophet Amos. Hosea was the only writing prophet of Israel to Israel. The name Hosea (Heb., Hoshea) means â€Å"salvation.† It is interesting to observe that the names Joshua (Num 13:16) and Jesus (Matt 1:21) are derived from the same Hebrew root as Hosea. (Jensen, 6739) His father name Beeri, a middle-class merchant, a farmer or cattleman. It is uncertainRead MoreUS Support for the State of Israel Essay1421 Words   |  6 Pageswith Us and Christians United for Israel in the magazine Israel 101, when it exhibits the Three Ds of anti-Semitism Delegitimization, Double Standards, and Demonization. â€Å"Delegitimization: The Jewish State has no right to exist. Israelis do not belong in the Middle East. Double Standards: Israel is condemned harshly for self-defense measures and social problems that are seen as acceptable or inevitable in other nations. Demonization: Through distortions and lies, Israel is depicted as the wor ld’s mostRead MoreMoses And The Old Testament937 Words   |  4 Pagesthe book of Exodus because he helps the people of Israel escape Egypt and commits to a new covenant between God and the nation of Israel. This new covenant between God and Israel promises a land flowing with milk and honey if they obey God s laws and commandments. In turn Moses leads the people of Israel through a long journey to the place in which they call the promise land. This is why Moses was such an important person in God s plan for the nation of Israel. Moses was life is very importantRead MoreGods Covenant with Moses Essay541 Words   |  3 Pagesthe terms of a relationship between 2 or more parties. The covenant was the basis of Israel’s relationship with god, the covenant was god’s initiative and the people of Israel were to accept the terms of the covenant and try to be obedient to them. The covenant allowed the people to have an intimate relationship with god and it set them apart from others to be a holy nation. â€Å"I will establish my covenant as an everlasting covenant between me and you and your descendantsRead MoreThe Most Important Commandments Of An Idol1158 Words   |  5 Pagesof perversions in the name of their gods. This experience made me remember and understand why God used His prophet to emphasize the two most important commandments, â€Å"I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt†¦. You shall have no other gods before me.† During the years of the Old Testament, the prophets kept teaching and prophesizing against the people that committed idolatry. From Abraham to Malachi, the prophets would try to make the people of Israel understand what idolatry is, and whatRead MoreChapter 5 : The Ten Commandments Reviewed1442 Words   |  6 PagesPentateuch. Deuteronomy 5: 1-21 begins with Moses summoning all of Israel and declaring the Ten Commandments to the people of the land. The analysis of historical context, literary techniques and the reader’s response to this passage, empowers the readers to appreciate the purpose of the passage. In the book Deuteronomy chapter five, events unfold which sees the declaration of the Ten Commandments from God to the Hebrew people through Moses and although it is just mentioned in the book of DeuteronomyRead MoreThe World s Beginning God1673 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the world’s beginning God has always had a plan for His people. Since the Day he created Adam and then Eve from Adam’s rib he knew the plans he had in store for them. Fortunately for Humanity, the sin that Adam and Eve fell into is only temporary. Since the beginning God has been carrying out his plan to reconcile the lost communion humanity once had with the Father. The Noahic Covenant established his commitment to creation, specifically humanity. The Abrahamic Covenant shows that God’sRead MoreProphets are Inspired Teachers and Proclaim the Will of God701 Words   |  3 PagesA prophet is a person regarded as an inspired teacher or proclaimer of the will of God. Prophets would speak for God, either declaring His message or conveying God’s future actions. The major prophets emphasized how God would hold all the nations accountable for their behaviors and policies; whereas the minor prophets emphasized how God holds all people responsible. Prophets often provided wisdom and further insight on particular issues that needed to be addressed. Such issues included, idolatryRead MoreThe Ancient Greeks And Ancient Hebrews1553 Words   |  7 Pages HIS 120 The history of the ancient Greeks and ancient Hebrews is very interesting. The two groups had very different beliefs concerning higher powers and what kind of gods they trusted in. The Hebrews believed in one God who ruled over them and controlled everything. The Greeks believed in multiple gods each ruling their own area of life. Fighting was a very prevalent activity for both of these groups, as it still is for many groups today. However, the reasons for fighting and violence were very

Free Inference Worksheets and Exercises

Repeat purchasers Free Essays

The legal environment of foreign marketing takes an added dimension of importance since there is no single uniform commercial law which governs foreign business transactions. † – Comment. International marketers must be aware of the legal environments that they operate in. We will write a custom essay sample on Repeat purchasers or any similar topic only for you Order Now As there is no uniform international law regarding business transactions, companies can find themselves wasting money or in legal issues if they do not operate according to the laws in the specific countries they are in. The customs, politics, and geography vary greatly from country to country and are affected by the gal environment. It is extremely important that international markers are aware of this added dimension and are prepared. No single, uniform international commercial law governs foreign business transactions. The foundation of a legal system Profoundly affects how the law is written, interpreted, and adjudicated Laws governing business activities within and between countries An integral part of the legal environment of international business . Four heritages form the basis for the majority of the legal systems of the world Common law, Civil or code law, Islamic law, and Marxist-socialist tenets Common law Derived from English law. England, U. S. , Canada and countries who were once under the English influence. Seeks interpretation through the past decisions of higher courts which interpret the same statues. Applies established and customary law principles to a similar set of facts Civil or Code law derived from Roman law. Germany, Japan, France and non-lilacs and non-Marxist countries. All-inclusive system of written rules (codes) of law: Legal system is generally divided into three separate codes 1 . ) Commercial 2. ) Civil 3. ) Criminal Ownership is determined by registration. Considered complete as a result of catchall revisions found in most code-law systems Islamic law Places emphasis on the ethical, moral, social, and religious dimensions to enhance equality and fairness for the good of society. The basis is the interpretation of the Koran. Islamic law defines a complete system that prescribes specific patterns of social and economic behavior for all individuals: 1 . ) Property rights 2. ) Economic decision making 3. ) Types of economic freedom Islamic law This system prohibits investment in a business dealing with Alcohol, gambling and casinos In order to comply with Islamic Law following are terms that are frequently use: Trade with markup or cost-plus sale and leasing. These practices enable borrowers and lenders to share in the rewards as well as the losses in an equitable fashion. The international marketer must know the religion’s system of belief and understand how the law is interpreted in each region Marxist-socialist Tenets of Russia and the Republics of the former Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and China. Legal system centered on the economic, political and social policies of the state. Now more directly involved in trade with non-Marxist countries Differences among the 4 law systems Due process may vary. Individual interpretation may vary Fundamentalist interpretation of Islamic law. Combination of several legal systems. U. S. Sees both common and code law Marxist-socialist tenets strictly subordinate to prevailing economics conditions. Private ownership, contracts, due process and other legal mechanisms need to be developed. Russia and China differ because Each has taken a different direction in its political economic growth. Russia is moving toward a Democratic System. China is trying to activate a private sector within a mixed economy in a soci alist legal framework Jurisdiction in International Legal Disputes No Judicial body exists to deal with legal commercial problems arising between citizens of different countries. Legal disputes can arise in three situations: 1 . ) Between governments 2. ) Between a company and a government 3. ) Between two companies Jurisdiction is generally determined on the basis of: Jurisdictional clauses included in contracts, Where a contract was entered into, Where the provisions of the contract were performed Jurisdictional Clause â€Å"That the parties hereby agree that the agreement is made in Oregon, USA, and that any question regarding this agreement shall be governed by the law of the state of Oregon, USA† Types of International Disputes Buyer refuses to pay. Product is inferior quality. Shipment arrives late Steps when a dispute arises†¦ Resolve the issue informally, Conciliation aka Mediation, Arbitration, Conciliation a nonbinding agreement between parties to resolve disputes by asking a third party to mediate differences. Sessions are private and all conferences between parties and the mediator are confidential. In all conciliation agreements An arbitration clause should be included The popularity of arbitration has led to a proliferation of orbital centers. Established by countries, organizations, and institutions. Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission. Canadian-American Commercial Arbitration Commission (for disputes between Canadian and U. S. Businesses). London Court of Arbitration (decisions are enforceable under English law and English courts). American Arbitration Association. International Chamber of Commerce (select Arbitration) Arbitration clauses require agreement on two counts 1 . To arbitrate in the case of a dispute according to the rules and procedures of some arbitration tribunal. 2. To abide by the awards resulting from the arbitration Contracts and other legal documents should include clauses specifying the use of arbitration to settle disputes Problems with Arbitration Companies may refuse to: 1 Name arbitrators 2. ) Arbitrate 3. ) After arbitration awards are made companies may refuse to honor the award 4. ) In most countries, arbitration clauses are recognized by the courts and are enforceable by law within those countries Deterrents to litigation Fear of creating a poor image and damaging public relations. Fear of unfair treatment in a foreign court. Difficulty in collecting a Judgment that may otherwise eave been collected in a mutually agreed settlement through arbitration. The relatively high cost and time required when bringing legal action. Loss of confidentiality 4 recommended steps for settling disputes Try to placate the injured party. Conciliate. Arbitrate. Litigate Companies spend millions of dollars establishing brand names or trademarks To symbolize quality and design. To entice customers Millions are spent on research To develop products, processes, designs, and formulas Lost sales from the unauthorized use of U. S. Tents, trademarks, and copyrights Amount to more than $100 billion annually Counterfeits anger from copies that have the same efficacy as the original to those with few or no active ingredients, to those made of harmful substances Inadequate Protection Failing to adequately protect intellectual property rights can lead to the legal loss of rights in potentially profitable markets A company that believes i t can always establish ownership in another country by proving it used the trademark or brand name first is wrong and risks the loss of these assets It is best to protect intellectual property rights through registration In the U. S. , a Common-law country, ownership of intellectual property rights is established by prior use versus registration International Conventions Three major aspects: Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, Inter- American Convention, Madrid Arrangement All countries have laws regulating marketing activities Promotion, Product development, Labeling, Pricing, Channels of distribution Discrepancies across markets cause problems for trade negotiators – particularly for managers and their firms U. S. Does not allow the buying or selling of human organs. Some countries only have a few marketing laws with lax enforcement. Others have detailed, complicated rules that are stringently enforced 0 Advertising comparisons in advertisements are always subject to the competitor’s right to go to the courts and ask for proof of any implied or stated superiority Green marketing laws Focus on environmentally friendly products and Focus on product packaging and its effect on solid waste management Antitrust a lot of the 20th century it was Nonexistent and Not enforced in most of the world’s countries (U. S. Was exception) U. S. Laws Apply in Host Countries Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, National security laws, Antibiotics law, Extraterritoriality of U. S. Laws and Antitrust laws 0 00 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Makes it illegal for companies to pay bribes to foreign officials, candidates, or political parties 0 00 National security laws Prohibit a U. S. Company, its subsidiaries, Joint ventures, or licensees to sell controlled products without special permission from the U. S. Antibiotics law U. S. Companies are forbidden to participate in any unauthorized foreign boycott. Required to report any request to cooperate with a boycott Extraterritoriality of U. S. Laws Especially important to U. S. Multinational firms. Foreign governments fear the influence of American government policy on their economies through U. S. Multinationals What is illegal for an American business at home can also be illegal by U. S. Law in foreign Jurisdictions for the firm, subsidiaries and licensees of U. S. Technology Cybercafà © – Unresolved Issues Supersaturates (CSS), Taxes, and Jurisdiction of disputes and validity of contracts Taxes In the past, a company was deemed to have a taxable presence in a country if it had a permanent establishment there The E Commission Proposes value-added tax (VAT) Jurisdiction of disputes and validity of contracts The EX. Commission has adopted an e-commerce directive that will permit online retailers to trade by the rules of their home country unless the seller had enticed or approached the consumer by way of advertising Supersaturates buy and register descriptive nouns, geographic names, and names of ethnic groups and pharmaceutical substances, and other similar descriptors and hold them until they can be sold at an inflated price Businesses face a multitude of problems in their efforts to develop successful marketing programs Varying legal systems of the world and their effect on business orientations Legal questions must also be considered Jurisdictional and legal recourse in disputes. Protection of intellectual property rights. Extended U. S. Law enforcement Enforcement of antitrust legislation by U. S. And foreign governments Q . International marketing research and market research are Synonymous, since the research process is basically the same whether applied in USA. , U. K. , Japan or India? † Critically examine this statement. Marketing research process Stage 1: Formulating the Marketing Research Problem Formulating a problem is the first step in the research process. In many ways, research starts with a problem that management is facing. This problem needs to be understood, the cause diagnosed, and solutions developed. However, most management problems are not always easy to research. A management problem must first be translated into a research problem. Once you approach the problem from a research angle, you can find a solution. For example, â€Å"sales are not growing† is a management problem. Translated into a research problem, we may examine the expectations and experiences of several groups: potential customers, first-time buyers, and repeat purchasers. We will determine if the lack of sales is due to: ; Poor expectations that lead too general lack of desire to buy, or ; Poor performance experience and a lack of desire to repurchase. What then is the difference between a management problem and a research problem? Management problems focus on an action. Do we advertise more? Do we change our advertising message? Do we change an under-performing product configuration? If so, how? Research problems, on the other hand, focus on providing the information you need in order to solve the management problem. Stage 2: Method of Inquiry The scientific method is the standard pattern for investigation. It provides an opportunity for you to use existing knowledge as a starting point and proceed impartially. The scientific method includes the following steps: 1. Formulate a problem 2. Develop a hypothesis 3. Make predictions based on the hypothesis 4. Devise a test of the hypothesis 5. Conduct the test 6. Analyze the results The terminology is similar to the stages in the research process. However, there are subtle differences in the way the steps are performed. For example, the scientific method is objective while the research process can be subjective. Objective-based research (quantitative research) relies on impartial analysis. The facts are the priority in objective research. On the other hand, subjective-based research (qualitative research) emphasizes personal Judgment as you collect and analyze data. Stage 3: Research Method In addition to selecting a method of inquiry (objective or subjective), you must select a research method. There are two primary methodologies that can be used to answer any research question: experimental research and non-experimental research. Experimental research gives you the advantage of controlling extraneous variables ND manipulating one or more variables that influences the process being implemented. Non-experimental research allows observation but not intervention. You simply observe and report on your findings. Stage 4: Research Design The research design is a plan or framework for conducting the study and collecting data. It is defined as the specific methods and procedures you use to acquire the information you need. Stage 5: Data Collection Techniques Your research design will develop as you select techniques to use. There are many ways to collect data. Two important methods to consider are interviews and observation. Interviews require you to ask questions and receive responses. Common modes of research communication include interviews conducted face-to- face, by mail, by telephone, by email, or over the Internet. This broad category of research techniques is known as survey research. These techniques are used in both non-experimental research and experimental research. Another way to collect data is by observation. Observing a person’s or company’s past or present behavior can predict future purchasing decisions. Data collection techniques for past behavior can include analyzing company records and reviewing studies published by external resources. In order to analyze information from interview or observation techniques, you must record your results. Because the recorded results are vital, measurement and development are closely linked to which data collection techniques you decide on. The way you record the data changes depends on which method you use. Stage 6: Sample Design Your marketing research project will rarely examine an entire population. It’s more practical to use a sample-?a smaller but accurate representation of the greater population. In order to design your sample, you must find answers to these questions: 1. From which base population is the sample to be selected? 2. What is the method (process) for sample selection? 3. What is the size of the sample? Once you’ve established who the relevant population is (completed in the problem formulation stage), you have a base for your sample. This will allow you to make inferences about a larger population. There are two methods of selecting a sample from a population: probability or non-probability sampling. The probability method relies on a random sampling of everyone within the larger population. Non- probability is based in part on the Judgment of the investigator, and often employs nonviolence samples, or by other sampling methods that do not rely on probability. The final stage of the sample design involves determining the appropriate sample size. This important step involves cost and accuracy decisions. Larger samples generally reduce sampling error and increase accuracy, but also increase costs. Stage 7: Data Collection Once you’ve established the first six stages, you can move on to data collection. Depending on the mode of data collection, this part of the process can require large amounts of personnel and a significant portion of your budget. Personal (face-to-face) and telephone interviews may require you to use a data collection agency (field service). Internet surveys require fewer personnel, are lower cost, and can be completed in days rather than weeks or months. Regardless of the mode of data collection, the data collection process introduces another essential element to your research project: the importance of clear and constant communication. Stage 8: Analysis and Interpretation In order for data to be useful, you must analyze it. Analysis techniques vary and their effectiveness depends on the types of information oh are collecting, and the type of measurements you are using. Because they are dependent on the data collection, analysis techniques should be decided before this step. Stage 9: The Marketing Research Report The marketing research process culminates with the research report. This report will include all of your information, including an accurate description of your research process, the results, conclusions, and recommended courses of action. The report should provide all the information the decision maker needs to understand the project. It should also be written in language that is easy to understand. It’s important to find a balance between completeness and conciseness. You don’t want to leave any information out; however, you can’t let the information get so technical that it overwhelms the reading audience. One approach to resolving this conflict is to prepare two reports: the technical report and the summary report. The technical report discusses the methods and the underlying assumptions. In this document, you discuss the detailed findings of the research project. The summary report, as its name implies, summarizes the research process and presents the findings and conclusions as simply as possible. Another way to keep your findings clear is to prepare several different representations of your findings. Powering presentations, graphs, and face-to-face reports are all common methods for presenting your information. How to cite Repeat purchasers, Papers

Strategic information System Enterprise Resource Planning

Questions: Using a case study to test the three key social enablers in ERP implementation, where three key finding came into consideration, which are 1. Strong and committed leadership at the top level 2. Open and honest communication 3. Balanced and empowered teams Answers: Introduction: Enterprise Resource Planning or ERP is a software, used for Business Management. It is package of integrated application which is use for collecting, storing, managing and interpreting data generated from activities in a business, which includes: 1) Planning product and its cost.2) Manufacturing or giving service delivery.3) Sales and marking.4) Management of inventories.5) Payment and shipping. An ERP gives the integrated, real time, core business process view, using a common database Managed by database management system. This ERP system tracks business resources, such as, cash, production capacity, raw materials, also the status of business commitments, such as, purchase orders, payroll, and orders. System can share data across various departments, such as manufacturing, purchasing, accounting, sales etc. which provides data. It makes the flow of information among various business functions and also manages connections with the outside stakeholders (Panorama-consulting.com, 2015) . Topic of Discussion: In the Given case study it was about the Using a case study to test the three key social enablers in ERP implementation, where three key finding came into consideration, which are 1) Strong and committed leadership at the top level: To have a committed executive group is important for the success of the ERP implementation. If in an organization everybody can see the C-level, alignment of executive sponsors around a successful launch of ERP, likewise behavior, which allow focusing ones attention to the important success factors. On the other place if it happens that the middle management feels that they can drive wedge between executive group and implementation team, you as a owner of the organization find disappointments in giving amount of time for attending review meetings. To ensure a confident leadership one may require these proactive steps (Implementation, 2015): Try to be the first communicator to discuss the decisions on process change Whenever possible, must try to represent executives in a bigger picture. Solicitation must be done on executive feedback and when one receive it, do not be offensive 2) Honest and open communication: Honest and open communication enables to keep the organizational buy-in 3) Empowered and balanced terms: Employee empowerment need to be balanced as a key component of relationship-oriented behavior. Dependency among the employee links Other than these tree factors, some useful facts are there to bring in. success factors can only be measured only when the elimination of cause of threatening an ERP implementation takes place. Few of these factors are (Google Books, 2015) : One must make it sure that he knows his area of difficulties and according to that the ERP provider can tailor the allover implementation to suit his unique requirements. As an ERP provider is a expert person in this field, he can help the customer to delve into the finer depth of the business. Some time these ERP provider are those key person, who can enlighten those business challenges, which may not even realized about their existence. Selection of right ERP package is done in order to full fill the typical business requirements and future goals along with budget. One must ensure that the chosen ERP provider is having enough resources to bring out his ERP implementation. The ERP provider must have a team with sound experience, which is well supporting to bring out the implementation efficiently within the promised deadline (Google Books, 2015). One must make it sure that everyone should have a good understanding of what he has under taken and why should others need to support the project. Sometimes it is out of understanding in business to go to the full depth of offered product or the used jargon for this product. At the end of the day it happens that the decision maker come with having different expertise and may come from different business areas. It is good, if there will be a an employee having expertise in business process engineering, who understands both business processes and as well as ERP to is able to assist analysis on business and various software packages. As far as organizational buy-in is concerned, it is a imperative fact for the smooth ERP implementation. Modification in the management will be given the top priority and should be planned carefully to avoid sabotaging of disgruntled employees. Human resources are considerable as valuable resources. It is important to ensure that the system is well rated and buy-in across the organization (Google Books, 2015). One must be clear about whether the received benefits are as per the expectation or not and must be watchful to the costs. To gain benefits in a project these will put one into better position and ensure to have realistic expectations. One must ensure that the system user must attend the practice and training session regularly using the test system before go-live to be empowered to wrap up the full benefits of the ERP implementation (Google Books, 2015). Data cleansing is considered as an important factor as because of leveraging fact of data at every phase of operation. References Google Books, (2015). Information Systems Development. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=_OxXBnNaDn4Cpg=PA522lpg=PA522dq=strong+and+committed+leadership+in+an+ERP+implementationsource=blots=E_jyuu65ADsig=6hZpcwsOpcLAmgWgdj4lovrpcl4hl=ensa=Xei=fXPgVMmCC8mzuASAhID4Dgved=0CB0Q6AEwAA#v=onepageq=strong%20and%20committed%20leadership%20in%20an%20ERP%20implementationf=false [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Google Books, (2015). Managing Business with SAP. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xPJ0ZRh-wY0Cpg=PA139lpg=PA139dq=what+is+honest+and+open+communication+for+erp+implementationsource=blots=aoiNRYKA6lsig=3Nipbipo7uTg1JnXozWCzAz-QgUhl=ensa=Xei=vn3gVL3XLou0uQThhoGoDgved=0CDoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepageq=what%20is%20honest%20and%20open%20communication%20for%20erp%20implementationf=false [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Google Books, (2015). Managing Business with SAP. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=xPJ0ZRh-wY0Cpg=PA139lpg=PA139dq=honest+and+open+communication+for+erp+implementationsource=blots=aoiNRYKz_gsig=8eqWiry6rCy55qho2wyyCjM_UMMhl=ensa=Xei=Bn3gVOKvHo7nuQT9uoCABwved=0CDoQ6AEwBQ#v=onepageq=honest%20and%20open%20communication%20for%20erp%20implementationf=false [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Google Books, (2015). SAP Implementation Unleashed. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wOrMI_KDnyMCpg=PA207dq=Empowered+and+balanced+terms+for+the+erp+implementationhl=ensa=Xei=CX_gVKq2JsW6uAS5pIAIved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=Empowered%20and%20balanced%20terms%20for%20the%20erp%20implementationf=false [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Google Books, (2015). SAP Implementation Unleashed. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=wOrMI_KDnyMCpg=PA207dq=Empowered+and+balanced+terms+for+the+erp+implementation:hl=ensa=Xei=wYHgVNGvMMORuATvjIGIBQved=0CB8Q6AEwAA#v=onepageq=Empowered%20and%20balanced%20terms%20for%20the%20erp%20implementation%3Af=false [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Google Books, (2015). Selected Readings on Strategic Information Systems. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=KXOcb-pKXoQCpg=PT306lpg=PT306dq=strong+and+committed+leadership+in+an+ERP+implementationsource=blots=x4GNgHvGOgsig=WRJfFQrRFHU5p2RT3sXoz9bMbfghl=ensa=Xei=fXPgVMmCC8mzuASAhID4Dgved=0CFQQ6AEwCQ#v=onepageq=strong%20and%20committed%20leadership%20in%20an%20ERP%20implementationf=false [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Implementation, R. (2015). Review Paper: Critical Success Factors for ERP Implementation. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/8067956/Review_Paper_Critical_Success_Factors_for_ERP_Implementation [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Panorama-consulting.com, (2015). Independent ERP Implementation | PERFECT Path ERP Implementations |. [online] Available at: https://panorama-consulting.com/services/erp-software-implementation/ [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015]. Repository.tue.nl, (2015). Vicious and virtuous cycles in ERP implementation : a case study of interrelations between critical success factors. [online] Available at: https://repository.tue.nl/557047 [Accessed 15 Feb. 2015].